Mean stress tensor of discrete particle systems in submerged conditions

The mean stress tensor is essential to investigate the dynamics of granular material. In this paper, we use Hamilton’s principle least action derive averaged discrete assemblies subjected hydraulic force fields, as well rigorous conditions for a proper definition Representative Volume Element (RVE). main goal behind our efforts upscale particle physics into sound systems involving complex interaction between grains and water. We identify contributions from unbalanced forces, gravity, external fluctuation tensor. doing so, it convenient separate influence different fields when system environments, e.g., subaqueous conditions. obtained formula then validated by triaxial test simulations dry saturated using Discrete Method (DEM) Lattice-Boltzmann (LBM). results show that deduced can accurately calculate with various body-force fields. used DEM-LBM submerged column collapses explore happening at grain scale mathematical formalism showcase its potential. provide new perspective based on assembly pursue fluid–solid interaction. Due importance analysis in constitutive modeling materials, work could help better obtain stress–strain relationship or systems.